Index
It is active against pathogenic gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci. Plasmid-bearing bacteria are also sensitive to the drug.
Ciproxin, whose generic component is ciprofloxacin, is a synthetic antibiotic (fluoroquinolones) with broad-spectrum bactericidal effects.
Ciproxin is effective for all Gram-negative pathogenic organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
It is also active against gram-positive pathogenic organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci, and plasmid-bearing bacteria are also sensitive to ciproxin.
Anaerobic organisms are less susceptible.
Ciprofloxacin can be used in combination with other antibiotics such as:
- In the therapy of pseudomonas: Meftacidima and Azlocillin.
- In streptococcal medicine: Mezlocillin, azlocillin, and other effective β-lactam antibiotics.
- In staphylococcal treatment: β-lactam antibiotics, especially isoxazolyl penicillins, vancomycin.
- In anaerobic treatment: Clindamycin and Metronidazole.
Chemical formula
C17H18FN3O3
Presentation
Suspension, tablets, injectable solution, and inhalers.
Indications
Adults:
It is indicated in infections caused by alterable pathogens to ciproxin:
- Conditions in the respiratory tract.
- Pneumonia is caused by Proteus, Pneumococcus, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, E. coli, Haemophilus, Legionella, Branhamella, and Staphylococcus.
- Otitis media or middle ear infections, sinusitis, or sinus infections, mainly if they are caused by gram-negative organisms, including Pseudomonas or Staphylococcus.
- Infections in the eyes
- Renal and efferent urinary tract infections.
- Diseases of the genital organs and gonorrhea, adnexitis, prostatitis.
- Infections of the gastrointestinal tract, peritonitis, diseases of the biliary tract, and any other of the abdominal cavity.
- Infections in soft tissues and skin.
- Osteoarticular infections.
- Sepsis.
- Infections or disease risk in patients suffering from neutropenia or in treatment with immunosuppressants.
- Selective intestinal decontamination in immunosuppressed patients.
Children
- Complicated infections in the urinary tract and pyelonephritis, E. coli
- Acute pulmonary exacerbation associated with P. aeruginosa.
Dose
In general, the administration guidelines for Ciprofloxacin are the following:
In adults, 100 to 750 mg twice daily is prescribed during the period prescribed by the attending physician according to the degree and type of infection.
The doses are to be administered to children and young people. This is strictly subject to medical prescription.
The ingestion of the ciproxine treatment should not be accompanied by dairy products such as milk or yogurt, nor with fruit juice enriched with minerals such as calcium since it affects the absorption of Ciproxin.
Mechanism of action
The bactericidal action of ciproxin is rapid, both in the proliferation phase and in the resting phase.
Ciproxin interferes with the replication of bacterial DNA by inhibiting the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.
During the multiplication phase of a bacterium, the chromosomes coil and uncoil partially.
The enzyme called DNA gyrase plays a determining role in this process.
Ciproxin inhibits the function of DNA gyrase so that, since it is impossible to read the vital information of the bacterial chromosome, bacterial metabolism is impossible.
Side effects
Some side effects reported with the use of Ciproxin are:
- Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea, nausea, and loss of appetite.
- Skin hypersensitivity to ultraviolet radiation, particular caution should be taken with exposure to sunlight and UVA cabins.
- Joint pains
- Headaches.
- Difficulty to be able to sleeping.
Precautions
Particular caution should be exercised with patients presenting risk factors such as:
- Cardiac alterations: Bradycardia, heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia of the Torsades de Pointes type, uncorrected electrolyte imbalances: hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia.
- Advanced age.
- Nervous system disorders predispose to seizures in cases of low seizure threshold, history of seizures, and epilepsy.
- Reduced cerebral blood risk, cardiovascular accidents, or cerebral organic alteration.
- Patients with a family history or G6PDH deficit due to risk of hemolysis (assess risk, benefit, and monitor).
- Resistance risk in prolonged treatment.
Contraindications
Ciproxin is contraindicated in cases of hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or any other class of quinolone-type chemotherapeutic agents.
It should be prescribed only in the indicated cases of the drug in children and adolescents since there is not enough experience on the drug’s safety in these age groups.
Concomitant administration of ciprofloxacin and tizanidine should not be performed.
Because this combination can lead to an undesirable increase in plasma concentrations of tizanidine, producing hypotension, drowsiness, and insomnia.
Do not give Ciproxin during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
