Cardiopathy: Definition, Types, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment and Prevention

Heart disease is a term that covers any disorder of the heart.

Unlike cardiovascular diseases, which describe problems with the blood vessels and the circulatory system, as well as the heart, heart diseases only refer to issues and deformities in the heart itself.

According to the Centers for Disease Control, heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, and Australia. One in four deaths in the US UU. Occurs due to heart disease.

Types

Many different heart diseases affect other parts of the organ and occur differently.

Congenital heart disease:

This is a general term for some heart deformities that have been present since birth.

Examples include:

  • Septal defects: there is a hole between the two chambers of the heart.
  • Obstruction defects: blood flow through several heart sections is partially or blocked.
  • Cyanotic heart disease: a deficiency in the heart causes a shortage of oxygen around the body.

Arrhythmia

Arrhythmia is an irregular heartbeat. There are several ways in which a heartbeat can lose its regular rhythm. These include:

 

  • Tachycardia is when the heart beats too fast.
  • Bradycardia when the heart beats too slow.
  • Premature ventricular contractions or additional abnormal heartbeats.
  • Fibrillation is when the heartbeat is irregular.

Arrhythmias occur when the electrical impulses in the heart that coordinate the heartbeat do not work correctly. These make the heartbeat so that it should not be too fast, too slow, or too irregular.

Irregular heartbeats are shared, and all people experience them. They feel like a heart-fluttering or accelerating. However, they should be taken more seriously and treated when they change too much or occur due to a damaged or weak heart. Arrhythmias can become fatal.

Coronary artery disease:

The coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with nutrients and oxygen through blood circulation.

The coronary arteries can become diseased or damaged, usually due to cholesterol plaque deposits. The buildup of plaque reduces the coronary arteries, and this causes the heart to receive less oxygen and nutrients.

Dilated cardiomyopathy:

The heart’s chambers dilate as a result of the weakness of the heart muscle and can not pump blood properly.

The most common reason is that not enough oxygen reaches the heart muscle due to coronary artery disease. This usually affects the left ventricle.

Myocardial infarction:

This is also known as heart attack, myocardial infarction, and coronary thrombosis. An interrupted blood flow damages or destroyed part of the heart muscle.

This is usually caused by a blood clot that develops in one of the coronary arteries and can also occur if an artery narrows or spasms suddenly.

Heart failure:

Also known as congestive heart failure, heart failure occurs when the heart does not efficiently pump blood around the body.

The left or right side of the heart may be affected. Rarely, both sides are.

Coronary artery disease or high blood pressure can, over time, leave the heart too stiff or weak to fill and pump correctly.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:

This is a genetic disorder in which the left ventricle wall thickens, making it difficult to draw blood from the heart.

This is the leading cause of sudden death in athletes. A father with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has a 50 percent chance of transmitting the disorder to his children.

Mitral regurgitation:

Also known as mitral valve regurgitation, mitral regurgitation, or mitral incompetence, this occurs when the mitral valve in the heart does not close enough. This allows the blood to return to the core when it should come out.

As a result, blood can not efficiently move through the heart or body. People with these heart conditions often feel tired and out of breath.

Prolapse of the mitral valve:

The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle does not close completely, swelling upwards or towards the atrium.

The condition is not life-threatening in most people, and treatment is not required. Some people, especially if the state is marked by mitral regurgitation, may require treatment.

Pulmonary stenosis:

It is difficult for the heart to pump blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery because the pulmonary valve is too tight.

The right ventricle has to work harder to overcome the obstruction. A baby with severe stenosis may turn blue. Older children will usually have no symptoms.

Treatment is needed if the pressure in the right ventricle is too high, and a balloon valvuloplasty or open-heart surgery can be performed to clear an obstruction.

symptom

The symptoms of heart disease depend on what condition affects an individual.

However, common symptoms include chest pain, dyspnea, and heart palpitations.

Chest pain, familiar with many types of heart disease, is called angina, or angina, and occurs when a part of the heart does not get enough oxygen.

Angina can be triggered by stressful events or physical exertion and usually lasts less than 10 minutes.

Heart attacks can also occur due to different types of heart disease. The signs of a heart attack are similar to angina, except that they may occur during rest and tend to be more severe.

The symptoms of a heart attack sometimes look like indigestion. Acidity and stomach pain may occur, and a feeling of heaviness in the chest.

Other symptoms of a heart attack include:

  • Pain that travels through the body, for example, from the chest to the arms, neck, back, abdomen, or jaw.
  • Sensation of dizziness.
  • Abundant sweating.
  • Nausea and vomiting.

Heart failure is also a result of heart disease, and dyspnea can occur when the heart becomes too weak to circulate blood.

Some heart conditions occur without any symptoms, especially in older adults and people with diabetes.

The term ” congenital heart disease ” covers a variety of conditions, but the general symptoms include:

  • Perspiration.
  • High levels of fatigue.
  • Rapid heartbeat and breathing.
  • Difficulty breathing.
  • Chest pain.
  • A blue tint on the skin.
  • Nails nailed.

In severe cases, symptoms can occur from birth. However, these symptoms may not develop until a person is over 13 years old.

Causes

Heart disease is caused by damage to all or part of the heart, damage to the coronary arteries, or a deficient supply of nutrients and oxygen to the organ.

Some types of heart disease, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, are genetic. These, along with congenital heart defects, can occur before a person is born.

Several lifestyle choices can increase the risk of heart disease. These include:

  • High blood pressure and cholesterol.
  • Smoke.
  • Overweight and obesity.
  • Diabetes.
  • Family history.
  • A diet of junk food.
  • A history of preeclampsia during pregnancy.

Staying in a stationary position for extended periods, such as sitting at work or having any of these risk factors, significantly increases the risk of heart disease. Some, like age, are unavoidable.

For example, heart disease becomes more likely once a woman reaches 55 years of age.

Treatment

There are two main lines of treatment for heart disease. Initially, a person may try to treat the heart condition with medication. If these do not have the desired effect, surgical options are available to help correct the problem.

Medication:

A wide range of medications is available for most heart conditions. Many are prescribed to prevent blood clots, but some serve other purposes.

The main medications in use are:

  • Statins to reduce cholesterol.
  • Aspirin, clopidogrel, and warfarin, to prevent blood clots.
  • Beta-blockers treat heart attack, heart failure, and high blood pressure.
  • Inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme for heart failure and high blood pressure.

Your doctor will work with you to find a safe and effective drug. They will also use medications to treat underlying conditions that can affect the heart, such as diabetes before they become problematic.

Surgery:

Cardiac surgery is an option for people with heart disease, but it can be debilitating. Cardiac surgery is an intensive option that can take a long to recover.

However, they can be effective in treating blockages and heart problems for which medications may not be effective, especially in the later stages of heart disease.

The most common surgeries include:

  • Angioplasty, in which a balloon catheter is inserted to widen narrowed blood vessels that may be restricting blood flow to the heart.
  • Coronary artery bypass surgery allows blood flow to reach a blocked part of the heart in people with blocked arteries.
  • Surgery to repair or replace defective heart valves.
  • Pacemakers or electronic machines that regulate the heartbeat for people with arrhythmia.

Heart transplants are another option. However, it is often difficult to find a good heart of the right size and blood type in the time required.

People are placed on a waiting list for donor organs and can sometimes wait years.

Prevention

Some types of heart disease, such as those present from birth, can not be prevented.

Other types, however, can be prevented by taking the following measures:

Eat a balanced diet: Follow foods low in fat and high in fiber, and be sure to eat five servings of fresh fruits and vegetables every day. Increase your intake of whole grains and reduce the amount of salt and sugar in your diet. Make sure that fats in your diet are primarily unsaturated.

Exercise regularly: This will strengthen the heart and circulatory system, reduce cholesterol and maintain blood pressure. Maintain a healthy body weight for your height. If you smoke, quit. Smoking is a significant risk factor for heart and cardiovascular diseases.

Reduce your alcohol intake: Do not drink more than 14 units per week.

Control conditions that affect the heart’s health as a complication, such as high blood pressure or diabetes.

While these steps do not eliminate the risk of heart disease, they can help improve overall health and significantly reduce the chances of heart complications.

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