Index
It is a procedure that serves as an objective diagnostic tool in evaluating nasal mucosa, sinonasal anatomy, and nasal pathology.
The specialist evaluates the nasal and sinus passages with direct vision using a fiber, a device with an enlarged view of high quality, generally connected to a camera, that can illuminate and visually explore the interior of said corporal cavities.
Nasal microscopy can be performed with a flexible fiber-optic fiberscope. When performed by experienced physicians, the flexible fiberscope is usually well tolerated.
Indications
Indications for nasal microscopy include, but are not limited to, the following:
- Initial identification of the disease in patients who experience nasosinusal symptoms (e.g., mucopurulent drainage, pain or facial pressure, nasal obstruction or nasal congestion, or decreased sense of smell)
- Evaluation of patients’ response to medical treatment (for example, resolution of polyps, purulent secretions or edema, and mucosal inflammation after topical nasal steroids, antibiotics, oral steroids, and antihistamines ).
- Evaluation of unilateral disease.
- Evaluation of patients with impending complications of sinusitis.
- Obtain a culture of purulent secretions.
- Debridement and removal of scabs, mucus, and fibrin from the nasal and nasal cavities obstructed after functional sinus endoscopic surgery.
- Evaluation of the recurrence of the pathology after endoscopic sinus surgery (this is particularly valuable in the follow-up of intranasal tumor recurrence).
- Evaluation and biopsy of nasal masses or lesions.
- Assess the nasopharynx for lymphoid hyperplasia, problems with the eustachian tube, and nasal obstruction.
- Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak.
- Evaluation and treatment of epistaxis. Treatment of epistaxis is also possible by the Dicynone tablet.
- Evaluation of hyposmia or anosmia.
- Evaluation and treatment of nasal foreign bodies.
Types
Fibroscopia nasal:
Nasal microscopy and imaging are the two objective measures most commonly used to diagnose chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Fibroscopy has multiple uses in treating patients with nasosinusal symptoms and plays an essential role in patients’ preoperative and postoperative management.
The addition of nasal fibroscopy to the care of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis has resulted in improved diagnostic accuracy.
In combination with established symptom criteria, the endoscopic findings improve the specificity, positive, and negative predictive value of the evaluation for chronic rhinosinusitis.
This development suggests that diagnostic microscopy can help decrease the need for computed tomography (CT) scans and reduce costs and exposure to radiation.
In addition to providing an objective measure in the examination, microscopy is also considered the standard criteria for tissue sampling and harvesting when adequately performed.
In the postoperative period, microscopy plays a vital role in monitoring the recurrence of the pathology and allowing timely debridement in the immediate postoperative period.
High digestive microscopy:
The upper digestive microscopy or esophageal microscopy is an examination that allows the study of the internal wall of the upper part of the digestive tract in the form of balance sheets in people with digestive bleeding, stomach ulcers, a history of esophageal or stomach tumor, inflammation resistant to treatment, gastric reflux or pain or persistent digestive disorder.
This test examines the inner wall (mucosa) of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum to detect abnormalities and take samples to study the tissues under a microscope (biopsies).
Fibroscopio
A fiberscope is a flexible fiber optic bundle with an eyepiece on one end and a lens on the other used to examine and inspect small, hard-to-reach places such as the interior of machines, locks, and the human body.
Applications in medicine:
Fiberscopes are used in medicine to help doctors and surgeons examine problems in a patient’s body without having to make large incisions.
Doctors use this when they suspect that a patient’s organ is infected, damaged, or cancerous. There are numerous types based on the area of the body being examined.
Contraindications
There are no absolute contraindications for nasal microscopy; however, some patient populations have a higher risk of complications.
In patients who have a history of a bleeding disorder or are receiving anticoagulants, nasal microscopy should be done carefully so as not to cause bleeding.
