Index
It usually occurs due to the termination of the activity of the optic nerves and the presence of diseases in the retina of the eye.
Anopsia (nope) is a vision defect or a total lack of it. This vision defect occurs in the context of the extinction of the optic nerve. This is accompanied by a condition in which nervous tissue is an acute shortage of nutrients.
Because of this, the neurons begin to die slowly. Over time, atrophy spreads to many cells and, in severe cases, to the entire nerve trunk.
This pathology can not occur independently; as a rule, this happens in the context of other neurological problems.
The presence of edema in the initial parts of the nerve trunk. It occurs in all pathological conditions where intracranial pressure increases (meningitis, hydrocephalus, trauma to the skull area, etc.).
The development of growths around the nerve or tissues located near it. Therefore, there is a growth of nerve tissue that leads to the compression of neurons.
Causes
Toxic nerve injury
It occurs due to the influence in an organism of toxic elements, which causes the disintegration of nerve cells.
A toxic effect can provide the following materials: methanol, industrial waste (lead and carbon disulfide), alcohol and tobacco in excessive quantities, and medications (digoxin, sulfanilamide, sullen, etc.).
Neuritis retrobulbar y retrobulbar.
It manifests an infectious process that affects the neurons in the eyeball cavity or behind it.
Other predisposing factors
The leading causes of anopsia are a modification of the eyeball structure and the homeostasis of its internal environment. Also, the development of pathology causes damage to the optic chiasm and the course of degenerative reactions related to age.
It also arises against the following diseases:
- Waterfall.
- Closed-angle glaucoma .
- Aneurysm of the brain vessels.
- The influence of ionizing radiation.
- The presence of chronic diseases affects the eye’s structures ( diabetes mellitus ).
- Violation of hemodynamics in the system of the middle and posterior cerebral arteries.
- Benign and malignant tumors in the pituitary gland and the brain tissues.
Classification
Anoxia can be partial and absolute (total blindness). Concerning partial defects, they can be of the following types:
- Hemianopsia: The lateral blindness of the half of the visual field results from disorders of the visual system at the level of the optical tracts or the visual cortex of the brain.
- Quadrantanopia: The blindness of a quarter of the visual field develops due to damage in the occipital part and atrophy of the upper and lower hemianopsia of the upper or lower segment of the visual field.
- Bitemporal hemianopsia: partial blindness, in which the perception of the temporal half of the right and left fields is lost.
- Benatalaya hemianopsia: partial blindness, in which the loss of perception of the nasal halves of the right and left visual fields.
There is a particular type of anobii – scotoma, characterized by the presence of a dark black spot at the bottom of a clear and stable image. Scotoma has different shapes (oval, round, arched, sectorial, and annular) and appears in any area of the optical field.
As a result, a concurrent disorder such as amblyopia (low visual acuity) develops. This pathology has several levels of severity (mild, moderate, severe, and blind) and occurs in all patients with anomie without exception.
The disorder occurs spontaneously and in constant growth. When it is not treated in time, irreversible blindness can occur.
symptom
Temporary or permanent blindness is the main symptom of the disease. Before losing the field of vision due to an acute vascular accident, there were visual hallucinations in the form of fire, geometric shapes, specific images, and shapes.
In some cases, there is a detailed reconstruction of the visual field in the blind areas. These phenomena are like the addiction of the optical analyzer to the existing defects.
It states that the symptoms depend on the type of vision defect. If partial atrophy occurs, the symptoms may not manifest, or a marked loss of the visual field, an eye.
When the complete atrophy of the optic body ceases to exist altogether, this is accompanied by the involution of the right or left visual fields in both eyes.
Diagnostic method
For the diagnosis, it mainly checks the background. It can help to evaluate the primary division of the nerve trunk.
Laser ocular disc tomography
The application of this method allows us to consider the transformation of the nerve trunk in appearance.
Treatment
As the anopsia is not a separate disease but a symptom of any pathological process, the treatment consists of alleviating the underlying pathology. For the function of eye regeneration, the following groups of drugs are assigned:
- Antihipoxants and antioxidants reduce the activity of destructive reactions and eliminate the lack of oxygen from the nerve.
- The nootropics accelerate the regeneration of the narcosis and stimulate blood flow.
- Microcirculation using correctors contributes to improving the metabolic processes in nerve cells.
- The medication to decrease the performance of the vessels carries out the protection of the optic nerve against additional losses.
